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15+ RPM Commands with Examples in Linux

by Rohan
August 28, 2022
in Tutorials
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The RPM Package Manager (RPM) is an open packaging system used in Red Hat Linux and its distributions such as CentOS and Fedora. An RPM Package contains archive files and metadata including dependencies and installs location.

An RPM package has a .rpm file format. rpm command is used to install, update, remove, verify, query, and manage RPM packages.

This tutorial will demonstrate different examples of rpm commands in RHEL-based Linux systems.

Prerequisites

For this tutorial, you will need:

a. A RHEL system with access to sudoers account or root account

b. An RPM package

An RPM package comes with this naming format.

<name>-<version>-<release>.<arch>.rpm

You can download RPM packages from the website or use dnf command to get the package from the terminal.

The following command downloads the curl package in the current directory /home/linuxwizardry/.

$ sudo dnf install curl --downloadonly --downloaddir=/home/linuxwizardry

Run the ls command to view files that are downloaded.

$ ls

Output:

[linuxwizardry@localhost ~]$ ls
curl-7.76.1-18.el9.x86_64.rpm libcurl-7.76.1-18.el9.x86_64.rpm

 

How to use the rpm command

The syntax for using the rpm command is as follows:

$ sudo rpm option package_name

Some common options in rpm command are:

-q: query a package

-i: install a package

-U: upgrade a package

-e: uninstall a package

-R: List dependencies of a package

-v: display verbose information

-h: print hash symbols as the package archive is unpacked

 

1. Display the information of an RPM package

You can view the information of an RPM package using the -qip option with rpm command.

$ sudo rpm -qip package.rpm

For example, the following command displays the information about curl package.

rpm command to display information about rpm package

2. Install an RPM package

The rpm command with -i flag is used to install an RPM package on the system. The specified package must be available in the directory.

$ sudo rpm -ivh package.rpm

rpm command to install the rpm package

The -vh option helps to display the verbose information with # symbols indicating the archived package is unpacked.

3. Query an installed RPM package

You can get the information about an installed RPM package using the -qi option.

$ sudo rpm -qi package_name

Output:

rpm command to query the installed rpm package

4. Upgrade an RPM package

You can upgrade your installed RPM package to the latest version with the -U option. It removes the older version and installs the newest version of the package.

The following command upgrades the package to the latest version.

$ sudo rpm -Uvh package_name

Output:

rpm command to upgrade the package

5. Removing an RPM package

The -e option is used to remove the installed RPM package from the system. You have to specify the package name instead of the .rpm package name.

This command uninstalls the htop package in the system.

$ sudo rpm -evh htop

Output:

rpm command to remove the package

6. Check dependencies of RPM Package

You can view the dependencies of an RPM package using -qpR option.

$ sudo rpm -qpR package_name

For instance, the following command lists all dependencies of the package curl-7.76.1-18.el9.x86_64.rpm.

$ sudo rpm -qpR curl-7.76.1-18.el9.x86_64.rpm

check dependencies of an rpm package

7. Install RPM package without dependencies

The --nodeps option tells the rpm command to not verify package dependencies before installing or upgrading. It avoids the dependencies check and installs an RPM package without dependencies.

$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps htop-3.3.1-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

Output:

install rpm package without dependenceis

Note: This is not recommended as it ignores dependencies errors and forcefully installs the rpm package. The program will not run due to missing dependencies.

8. Remove RPM package without dependencies

Similarly, you can use --nodeps option with -e option to remove an RPM package without dependencies.

The following command erases the package nx-libs from the system without its dependencies.

$ sudo rpm -evh --nodeps nx-libs

Output:

remove rpm package without dependenceis

9. View all files of an installed RPM package

You can view a list of all files in the RPM package using -ql option.

This command prints all files associated with the installed package htop in the system.

$ sudo rpm -ql htop

Output:

list all files of an installed rpm package

10. Display all installed RPM packages

The -qa option with the rpm command prints the list of all installed RPM packages in the system.

$ sudo rpm -qa

Output:

list all installed rpm package

11. Display recently installed RPM packages only

The --order option sorts the list of installed RPM packages by install time in descending order. You can run the following command to get a list of recently installed RPM packages.

$ sudo rpm -qa --last

Output:

list recently installed rpm packages

12. Check signatures in the RPM package

The --checksig option checks the digests and digital signatures in the package file to verify the integrity and origin of the package.

$ sudo rpm --checksig package_name

Output:

check digital signatures of rpm package

As you can see in the output, both packages have their digests signatures OK and are verified successfully.

 

13. Query a file to find its RPM package

You can also use the rpm command to query a file and find the package that belongs to the given file.

$ sudo rpm -qf package_name

Output:

query a file with rpm command

 

14. Verify the RPM package

The -V option helps to verify the RPM package against the rpm database. It compares information of the installed files in the package with information of files taken from the package metadata stored in the rpm database.

$ sduo rpm -Vp package_name

Output:

verify rpm package against the rpm database

 

15. Verify all RPM packages

You can run the following command to verify all installed RPM packages in the system.

$ sudo rpm -Va

Output:

verify all installed rpm packages

 

16. Import an RPM GPG key

The --import option allows you to import the GPG key manually. RPM GPG key files can be found in the /etc/pki/rpm-gpg directory.

The command below import EPEL 9 GPG key.

$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 

17. List all Imported RPM GPG keys

To get a list of all imported RPM GPE keys in your system, run the command below.

$ sudo rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

Output:

list all imported gpg keys

18. Query documentation of installed RPM package

The -qdf option prints the list of available documentation of the installed RPM package.

This command lists the documentation file related to dnf package.

$ sudo rpm -qdf /usr/bin/dnf

Output:

query documentation file of rpm package

Conclusion

Now you know how to use the rpm command to manage RPM packages in RHEL-based Linux systems. rpm is a powerful and handy tool for managing RPM packages. We discussed several examples of rpm commands that can be used to install, update, query, remove and verify RPM packages.

We hope this tutorial has helped you to understand the rpm command in Linux. If you have any questions or feedback, please let us know in the comment section.

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